Vision and light perception were assessed using the menace response, dazzle reflex, and direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes (PLRs). Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed on all kittens. Eyes with concurrent congenital anomalies or ophthalmic diseases other than keratoconjunctivitis were excluded. Each identified record was individually reviewed to ensure all entry criteria were met, namely that (1) a clinical diagnosis of symblepharon had been made (2) all affected kittens were ⩽1 year of age at the time of initial diagnosis and (3) all kittens were examined at least twice within the study period by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist or resident in training. The search term used was ‘symbl*’, so as to capture misspelled terms. Kittens with a clinical diagnosis of symblepharon between 1 January 2002 and were identified through a digital search of electronic medical records from the University of California Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. At final presentation, symblepharon persisted in 46 (85%) eyes however, menace response was evident in 13/16 eyes and dazzle reflex in 23/23 eyes. Three eyes were enucleated due to complications of corneoconjunctival symblepharon. Corneoconjunctival symblepharon opacity decreased for eyes treated surgically but increased for eyes treated medically. Median symblepharon grade in kittens receiving medical management remained the same or improved. Median symblepharon grade in kittens treated surgically improved for all types except corneoconjunctival symblepharon. Median duration of follow-up was 55 days (range 1–1051). Four techniques were commonly employed: separation of conjunctival-to-conjunctival adhesions ± eyelid margins (14 eyes) resection of third eyelid adhesions ± temporary tacking of the third eyelid (modified Arlt’s pterygium technique 18 eyes) en bloc resection of the third eyelid (two eyes) and separation of corneoconjunctival adhesions (14 eyes). Surgery was performed under general anesthesia/sedation (30 occasions) or topical anesthesia (21 occasions) on 30 (56%) eyes of 22 kittens 12 eyes (40%) underwent multiple surgeries. Twenty-four (44%) eyes of 18 (45%) kittens were managed medically. At initial presentation, 23 (43%) eyes were affected by one type of symblepharon, 25 (46%) eyes by two types and six (11%) eyes by three types 11 (20%) corneas were ulcerated. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALSįorty kittens (54 eyes) aged 3–46 weeks had symblepharon of five types in various combinations: eyelid deformation (24 kittens 32 eyes) ankyloblepharon (four kittens four eyes) conjunctiva-to-conjunctiva (11 kittens 12 eyes) third eyelid-to-conjunctiva (24 kittens 29 eyes) and corneoconjunctival adhesions (14 kittens 16 eyes).
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